Bring peace to the Middle East! 24: about terrorism 4 : the background 2

＜　1. al Qaeda　＞


We again look at the Middle East situation, and the background for intensification of the armed struggle in the Middle East.





＜　2.　the Arab Spring in Egypt　＞

A conflict between laicism and Islamic Renaissance
Nasser criminalized groups like the Moslem Brotherhood (belong to Sunni, since 1928) because conventional party politics caused confusion, and started a one-party dictatorship.
This will produce the serious conflict with Islamic groups in the future.

In 1958, Syria founded United Arab Republic (till 1961) together with Egypt to depend on Nasser’s reputation.
The Syrian Moslem Brotherhood also aiming at Islamic Renaissance had opposed Baath party (was active in Syria and Iraq) that advocated modernization, socialism, and pan-Arab-ism.
In 1970, the Moslem Brotherhood moreover resisted it after the military coup occurred by General Assad (father of current President).
The Assad was a secularist and represented Islam Alawites (Shiah) of the minority.
Because Assad repeated severe oppression for the Moslem Brotherhood, the resistance of it declined before long, but a part of it radicalized in Egypt and Syria, and this assassinated Sadat.

In 1979, Iran founded the Islamic Republic from a regal government by rejecting the longtime intervention by Europe and America.
This encouraged Arab of the same Muslim to aim at the Islam Renaissance.







＜　3.  principal roles (?) in the Middle East ＞


From the top, Assad of Syria, Maliki of Iraq, Abdullah of Saudi Arabia.




In addition
Triggered by the Gulf War inf 1991 after Soviet Union withdrawal, Al-Qaeda (Osama bin Laden) that had fought for Muslim in Afghanistan turned for anti-Americanism.
After 2003, they made the terrorism radical as anti-Western and anti-laicism in Iraq that came to be confused and impoverishment by the previous economic blockade and the Iraqi War (2003-2011 years).

In the 2010s, the Iraqi autonomous government executed mass layoffs of Sunni (soldier etc.) that held a majority until then.
In addition, the Syrian Assad Administration (Shiah) oppressed Sunni of the majority when a demonstration occurred in the Arab Spring (2011).
Thus, the extremists of the Sunni were connected with Iraqi one and Syrian one.
Then, Islamic nation (ISIL) parted from al Qaeda (Sunni), and extended their influence as if to fill the niche between other extremists and government troop.

It was the United States to have enhanced the military strength of al Qaeda and  Iraq.
And it were the U.S. and the U.K. to have begun the Gulf War hastily and the Iraqi War by making up the reason.

It occurred in the Middle East that a fall of Egypt being representative of laicism, a hard battle of the Arabic countries and Palestine, on the other hand, the military intervention by the western, and the Israeli prosperity by the help of the western, too.
So, Arab came to aim at the Islamic Renaissance in the opposite direction from the past.
Then, one part of them radicalized like "a cornered mouse will bite the cat".









＜　4.   in a mosque　＞

Further background
I answer following questions and will clear up the main point.

A: "Why is there a lot of military autocracy in Arab countries in the Middle East ?"

This area continues to suffer from heavy damages by the rule (colony) of different ethnic groups for over several centuries, such as late industrialization, low literacy rate, and landlord system.
In addition, many borders that ignored inhabitants were demarcated by some colonial powers in the early 20th century, and most of royal house given by them national territory were only puppets.
Under such circumstances, it was fate to lead to military autocracy from the royal house that lost the trust.

B: “ Why do Islamic groups fiercely conflict with secularist rulers? ”

There is some problems of the Islam as for it, but, in the Middle East, I think it is to due to the fact that the persons that ever contributed to the independence were leaders of Muslim than a simple martialist.

C: “Why can't the Arab countries work cooperatively for Palestinian independence ? ”

This answer is the same as question A, but an oil generation negatively affect more.

Most of oil-producing countries (Saudi Arabia, Persian Gulf countries) continue an outdated autocracy system by the royal house.
Furthermore, Europe and America supports it, so the Arabic democratization and solidarity in the Middle East fade away by supporting these non-democratic governments.
This situation leads to the oppression against the Arab Spring and to supporting extremists, and the news aren’t leaked outside, too.

Probably, the biggest factor of the intensified struggle is that people cannot trust the domestic government and the Western, and just have to strongly connect together in only local Islamic community.

This continues the next time.

地中海クルーズとカナリヤ諸島クルーズ ２５： マラガ １

＜　１．カテドラルの尖塔　＞

今日から、スペインの太陽の海岸（コスタ・デル・ソル）に位置するマラガを紹介します。

 

＜　２．マラガの地図　＞

地図の上が北です。

上の地図：　赤い点がマラガです。

下の地図：　黄色い線が徒歩観光したルート。

Sから徒歩観光を始め、No．２、３、４を巡り、またSに戻った。

＜　３．　早朝のマラガ港　＞

日の出前に、船は着岸していた。

ここは人口５７万人をようするスペイン第６位の都市で、大きな港がある。

 

＜　４．　マラガの海岸通り　＞

下の写真：　マラガ市役所。

海岸に沿って伸びるパセオ・デル・パルケ通り。

 

＜　５．　パセオ・デル・パルケ通りからアラメダ・プリンシパル通りへ　＞

海岸に沿って伸びるパセオ・デル・パルケ通りの歩道にはヤシの木が茂り、朝から日差しが眩しかった。

上の写真：　マラガ大学。

下の写真：　ここを進むとアラメダ・プリンシパル通りに入るが、ここで右に曲がり、マルケス・デ・ラリオス通りに入る。

 

＜　６．　マルケス・デ・ラリオス通り　１　＞

ここは大きなショッピング街です。

 

＜　７．　マルケス・デ・ラリオス通り　２　＞

ここは市民や観光客で賑わう通りでした。

 

＜　８．　面白いもの　＞

この人形はマルケス・デ・ラリオス通りからカテドラルに向かう道の上部にあった。

 

＜　９．カテドラル　１　＞

 

＜　１０．　カテドラル　２　＞

１６世紀に建設が始まったが、資金不足のため右の塔が未完成のまま１８世紀中頃に工事が終了した。

マラガに想うこと

マラガはピカソ生誕の地で、ガウディ生誕の地と同様に地中海に面している。

鮮やかな色使いと時代を革新する大胆な芸風を生む共通の何かが、スペインのこの地域にはあるのだろうか。

マラガは東にグラナダ、北にコルドバに近く、キリスト教徒がイスラム教徒をイベリア半島から追い出すわずか５年まで、イスラムの地でした。

今はイスラム文化を遺すものが見当たらないが、貿易で栄えるこの港町は、７百年間のイスラム文化とキリスト教文化が融合し、刺激しあったのだろう。

次回に続きます。

Visiting from Tajima shore to Tango Peninsula 11: Visiting Tango Peninsula 3

 

＜　1. Ine　bay ＞

I introduce scenes from Ine bay in Tango Peninsula to Amanohashidate today.

This is the end of my itineraries of when I traveled from May 12 to 14, 2016.

＜　2. 　Maps show we visited places, its top is the north 　＞

Upper map:  A red line shows areas that I already introduced, and a yellow line shows areas that I introduces from this time.  

Lower map: a yellow line shows areas that I introduces from this time.  

Two red arrows show famous sightseeing areas, Ine bay and Amanohashidate.

＜　3.  Ine bay　　＞

Upper photo: this is a satellite photo that is a expansion of Ine bey.

The map’s top is the north.

A yellow circle is an observation deck in “Funaya” (boat houses) of Ine bay.

No. 1 and 2 are the shooting locations from the port.

A red arrow shows the direction that I took the lower photo from.

Lower photo: 　I watch Ine bay from the south side.

  

＜　　4.  Scenery of When I was crossing a mountain　＞

This time, the road along the shore from Kyougasaki cape was closed suddenly, so we crossed the mountain and went to Ine bay.

Upper photo:  we can see the sea of Tango-matushima distantly. 

Lower photo:  a stock farm on the way.

There were persons who enjoyed collecting edible wild plants of spring. 

＜　5. I am overlooking Ine bay from the observation deck　＞

These photos are arranged from the top in order of taking the photos from the left side to right side.

The reason why this Ine fishing port is a natural good port is that three elements overlapped.

There is a large volume of fish caught in Wakasa bay.

Then, the bay is oriented to the south that doesn’t suffer from winter angry waves while it faces the Sea of Japan.

Furthermore, the wind has little influence on the big bay because there is an island in the center of the entrance of the bay. 

＜　6.  expansion of boat houses　　＞

＜　7.  Views from No.1 of the map　　＞

＜　　8.  Views from No.2 of the map ＞

Lower photo:  “Funaya” (boat houses).

The first floor is garage-like space at sea level for mooring a boat and families live on the floor above.

It is because the wind has little influence on the Ine bay

＜　　9. 　sceneries between Ine bay and Amanohashidate ＞

Upper photo:  I see the back (the south side) of Wakasa Bay.

Central photo:  I see a peninsula at the back of Miyazu bay.

Lower photo: a green thin belt that is extending over the sea is rows of approximately 8,000 pine trees of Amanohashidate.

Thank you for affection you have read this article for a long time.

Bring peace to the Middle East! 23: about terrorism 3 : the background 1

＊１

We again look at the internal conditions of Egypt, and the background for intensification of the armed struggle in the Middle East.



What was Egypt’s next move?
In 1970, Sadat of the same officer corps took office as the President after sudden death of Nasser.
At the time, Egypt had suffered economically as a result of the complete defeat in the Middle East war of six years ago, and the North Yemen civil war that Egypt sent most troops became bogged down, and it was the worst.
Therefore, he made ready careful and waged the fourth Middle East war in 1973, and he could take advantage during the beginning of the war.
However, as Israel recovered before long, the war reached a cease-fire by the mediation of United Nations and U.S.
Until this time, Sadat had a strategy victory.




＜　2.  Camp David Accord. From the left side, delegates of Israel, the U.S., and Egypt 　＞


And he first concluded a peace treaty with Israel in Arab by Camp David Accord in 1978, and won Nobel Peace prize with the Israel prime minister.
This was impossible without the effort of the U.S. President, but became just like  speculation of Israel that provoked it.
With this, he recovered Sinai Peninsula and the Suez Canal, but forsook the Palestinian independence that was an earnest desire of Arab.
Sadat aroused an antipathy of people, the Arabic countries sent a letter breaking off to him, and he was assassinated at last.






＜　3. 　Israeli military ＞

In this time, what was taking place in the Middle East?
The repeated Middle East war caused a vast cost of war burden and internal trouble, and Egypt and the neighboring Arabic countries became weakened.
On the other hand, Israel became more and more great power.
Furthermore, the modernization and the socialist state construction that Nasser promoted caused autocracy and corruption.
Thus, the secularization of Nasser who aimed at the pan-Arabism (unification of Arab) and the complete independence from colony was considered failure.
The fall of leader Egypt showed that armed forces of the Arabic countries could not beat Israel anymore.
Extremists who already fought for liberation in Palestine had to depend on themselves alone.





＜ 4.  Conference of the Non-Aligned Countries 　＞


Why did Egypt dig itself into a hole?
Nasser regained the rule of Egypt in their own race after 2300 years, abolished a landlord system that was a corrupt practice and pushed forward the modernization daringly.
Furthermore, he repelled the intervention of suzerain Britain and France alone, supported the independence of each Arabic country and fought against Israel for Palestine.

But Nasser was decisively disadvantageous.
His supporting independent movements of the Arabic countries and having nonalignment policy was so obtrusive behavior for the U.S. that wanted to contain Soviet Union, and for Britain and France that had regrets about the Middle East.
Therefore, they not only bother him, but also the financial support and the military aid to Egypt were outrageous even if he wanted.
This let Nasser be nearer to the Soviet Union.
On the other hand, they enough supported Israel with arms supplies and atomic energy, because the Britain and France wanted to suppress Egypt and the U.S. could not go against a Jewish lobby group.
And world Jewish wealth was poured for supporting Israel.
Egypt did not have the prospects of success, because the Industry was undeveloped and only had a small amount of oil production.
Still, Nasser and Sadat fought alone.

Nasser performed the report of the war results being further from the truth in the Third Middle Eastern War in desperation.
He announced that the cause of the defeat was an assistance of the U.S. and hidden strategy.
There was arms supplies from the U.S. , but the hidden strategy was groundless.
This not only dishonored Nasser but also rose more a hatred for the Europe and America.

This continues the next time.

Visiting from Tajima shore to Tango Peninsula 10: Visiting Tango Peninsula 2

＜　1.  Lighthouse of Kyougasaki cape ＞


I introduce scenes from Tango-matushima to Kyouga-cape.





＜　2. 　map of places we visited ＞

Upper photo:  this shows the range that we visited this time.
The map’s top is the north.
We started from the left side ( west side).

Lower photo: this shows the range I introduce with my photos.
The map’s top is the south.

No.1= Inugasaki park.  No.2= a cape.  No.3=Kyougasaki cape.







＜　3.  Views of Tango-matushima from Inugasaki park　＞

 A cape thrusting into distant sea is Kyougasaki cape that is the northern end of Kyoto prefecture.
As we rotate around that cape, we go along Wakasa Bay.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5ox3RKQYSk
It is the video of 19 seconds that I shot here.






＜ 4.  the cape 1　＞

When we are driving a car, I found a favorite cape.
This cape was shown No.2 of the map.






＜　　5.  the cape 2　＞

I was surprised that people have made many fields on top of the narrow cape, and moreover have built their graveyard on the tip.
It was just time of the rice　planting.
Their village stretches long and thinly　on the mountain-side slope across the road.






＜　6.  the cape 2　　＞

It is a view of the west side from the cape.
Inugasaki cape is seen distantly.
A small fishing port is seen on the way.








＜　7.  Views from the observation deck on the Kyougasaki cape　＞

I overlook the west side from the observation deck.
Upper photo:  Tango-matushima.
Lower photo:  an expansion of the upper photo.
A yellow arrow shows the cape having the graveyard.
The sea side of the graveyard is covered in the trees of windbreak.









＜　8.  at the front of Kyougasaki cape　　＞

Upper photo: a hill of Kyougasaki cape is seen.
We climbed from the parking area to the observation deck being in the top.

Lower photo: I look at the opposite direction (the west side).
A bathing beach and fishing village are seen.

Untouched nature remains on the shoreline that we drove a car along, and this is a wonderful place for sea creature (Takeno Beach etc.).





＜　　9.  Kyougasaki cape ＞

A parking area is seen at the lower right.
The back of this sea is Wakasa Bay.

This continues the next time.

地中海クルーズとカナリヤ諸島クルーズ ２４： マデイラ島 ２

 

＜　１．　ラヴラドーレス市場の花屋　＞

前回に続いてマデイラ島のフンシャルの街を紹介します。

 

＜　２．　カテドラル　＞

１５９０年代に造られたマヌエル様式の教会。

この様式はポルトガルが１６世紀の大航海時代の繁栄の中で生み出した過剰な装飾を施した建築様式で、リスボンのジェロニモス修道院、ベレンの塔が有名です。

しかし、私には外観は質素で素朴な建物に見えた。

 

＜　３．カテドラルとザルコの像　＞

下の写真：　アリアガ通りに立つザルコの像。

このザルコが、ポルトガルの大航海時代初期の１４２０年に、このマデイラ島を発見し、半分を領地として与えられた。

 

＜　４．　サン・ローレンソ要塞とラヴラドーレス市場　＞

上の写真：　サン・ローレンソ要塞。

１５世紀に建てられらた要塞ですが、外観は白亜の宮殿のイメージでした。

下の写真：　ラヴラドーレス市場の外観。

観光客に一番人気かもしれません。

地上２階、地下１階のスペースにエキゾチックな花、果物、土産品、魚介類が売られています。

 

＜　５．　ラヴラドーレス市場　＞

さすがに地下の鮮魚店には観光客は少ない。

 

＜　６．　三つの通り　＞

この三枚の写真は、ラヴラドーレス市場を出て、アリアガ通りまでのスナップです。

 

＜　７．　アリアガ通り１　＞

上の写真：　ポルトガルらしいアズレージョ（装飾タイル）。

下の写真：　サン・フランシスコ庭園からアリアガ通りを見る。

 

＜　８．　アリアガ通り２　＞

下の写真：　天測儀の噴水。

 

＜　９．　サンタ・カタリーナ公園　＞

海を見下ろす丘全体が公園になっている。

 

＜　１０．　公園から港を見下ろす　＞

これでマデイラ島ともお別れです。

次回に続きます。

Bring peace to the Middle East! 22: about terrorism 2 : an assassination

＜　1. Assassination of President Sadat　＞

From today, I use some examples as a reference and will look at the situation that massacre has been spread over in the Middle East.
This massacre includes battle, and terrorism (assassination, suicide attack) by the government side or the anti-government side.
we see the assassination of an important person by an extremist first.





＜　2. 　Sadat and Mubarak (the later President) at this incident ＞

The assassination incident
In 1981, the Sadat President of Egypt was assassinated at the commemorative ceremony of the Fourth Middle East War (1973) that he began.
By this war, the Middle Eastern War (since 1948) between the Arabic countries and Israel that had been repeated for four times became the end.
However, Egypt first approved Israel among the Arabic countries by the conclusion of peace accords (1979), and cut off the Palestinian problem.
This seemed like a big betrayal from people and the Arabic countries.





＜　3. the Fourth Middle East War 　＞


I introduce a sentence of a thinker of an Islamic fanaticism that this assassination group had believed in.

"It is important that we fight against a near enemy than a far-off enemy.
We must flow the blood of Muslim until the achievement of the victory by the jihad.
...
It isn’t useful that we started the battle against the imperialism

It is our duty to concentrate on great cause of Islam, and establish divine law in our country, ...

The battlefield of jihad exterminates the leaders of the unbeliever and is to replace it with complete discipline of Islam. "
( from "What Went Wrong" )

They think that the leaders who held hands with Europe and America made own country and Arab countries confusing and slumping.





＜　4.   Nasser made a coup d'etat succeed　＞


Why did they go to extremes?
I cannot lump innumerable extremists, but as for the birth, there is peculiar circumstances of Middle Eastern and Arab.
It is Middle East war (between Israel and Palestine), the military intervention by Europe and America (supporting Israel and the Iraqi War etc.), and the despotic governance of Arab countries.
Here, I easily look back on the Egyptian sufferance history.

Egypt had experienced the long history of colonial ruled by different ethnic groups.
After Islamic Empire that achieved great unification, Egypt was ruled by Turkish dynasty since the thirteenth century, then by Osman empire, and was invaded by Napoleon in the 18th century.
Subsequently, it was governed by the Albanian dynasty (Muhammad Ali), next became a colony of Britain in the late 19th century, and became an token independence kingdom in the early 20th century.

An epoch of revolution began before long.
In 1952, an officer corps expelled an king by a military coup and worked on the modernization.
In 1956, President Nasser declared the nationalization of the Suez Canal, and after the second Middle East war against the Israel, Britain and France forces, he obtained this.
He received help of the Soviet Union for Aswan High Dam construction, and pushed forward construction of an Arabic socialist state.
However, in 1967, Nasser was defeated completely by the third Middle East war against Israel and reduced his prestige.

Military regimes like this in Egypt continued in common with other Arabic countries.

This continues the next time.