Friday, February 28, 2014

The society and the information 23: Wonder of brain and nerve

 brain and nerve net 

< 1. brain and nerve net >

We take the human body for an example for understanding the information system.

We have taken the United States for an example in order that we may look at the circumstances of the information.
Apprising to a brain about the canceration of internal organs is like that whistle-blowing appeals against the corruption of an organization.
In order to prevent runaway war, it was required that people are exactly informed about the information of the government and the battlefield
It is like that a person is perceived a brain's own abnormalities and the situation of the external world by the visual and auditory senses.

We look at the important points from "brain and nerve", in order to understand " society and information",

                                                                                             
人体を例に、情報システムを確認します。

これまで米国を例に、情報の有り様を見てきました。
組織の腐敗を訴える内部告発は、臓器の癌化を脳に知らせるようなものです。
戦争を暴走させない為には、政府と戦場の情報が的確に国民に伝わることが必要でした。
これは脳自身の異常と外界の状況を視聴覚で察知するようなものです。

「社会と情報」を知る上で重要なポイントを「脳と神経」から見ます。


somatosensation: pain is due to “free nerve ending” only 

< 2. somatosensation: pain is due to “free nerve ending” only >

Wonderfulness of somatosensation
The nerve net and the brain have a skillful control function.

There are a huge number of sensory nerves that feel painfulness, heat, and pressure in our skin.
These nerves have two kinds of signal transmission system.
The pain continues sending the information to a brain, as long as there is a hurt.
On the other hand, if the contact pressure is changeless when a person has been wearing a dress, the information isn't sent.


体性感覚の素晴らしさ
神経網と脳は、巧みな制御機能を持っている。

私達の皮膚には、痛さ、熱さ、圧力を感じる膨大な数の感覚神経があります。
この神経の感じ方には2種類ある。
痛みは傷がある限り脳に情報を送り続けます。
一方、服を着ている時などの接触圧は変化がなければ情報は送られません。


 Lumbago 

< 3. Lumbago >
Occasionally, if we do not feel pains such as an injury and lumbago, we may think that it is good.
However, a person that inherently hasn't the pain sense will finish a short life after having wounds all over his body.
He burns with drinking boiling water without knowing it, or becomes lumbago with lifting a heavy thing, and becomes a serious illness irrecoverably.

If even the small part of the brain gets injured, is the pain sense of the whole body paralyzed?
In fact, unlike other sense organs, recognition of the pain is performed in a wide range  with a  brain, and a paralysis of the pain sense is prevented at least from occurring  by damage to a small part of the brain.
Similarly the long sensory nerves that have pierced through a backbone have also separated into two bunches, and it diversifies away risk.

我々は、時折、けがや腰痛などの痛みを感じなければ良いと思うことがあります。
しかし先天的に痛覚が麻痺している人は、満身創痍の末に短命に終わりやすい。
その人は、知らずに熱湯を飲んで火傷、重たい物を持ち上げて腰を痛め、やがて取り返しのつかない重症になる。

もし脳の一部でも損傷を受ければ、体全体の痛覚が麻痺してしまうのだろうか。
実は他の感覚器と異なり、痛覚の認識は脳の広い範囲で行っており、一部の脳の損傷ぐらいでは痛覚の麻痺が起きないように出来ている。
同様に、脊椎を貫いている長尺の感覚神経も二つの束に別れており、危険を分散している。


a shrine ritual of fire-walking

< 4. a shrine ritual of fire-walking >

Furthermore, a surprising function

If you encounter an earthquake, suffer from heavy injury with collapsed pillar, and then it is assumed that a fire is imminent.
An acute pain runs, you can hardly run away, and you may normally lose life.
However, the pain vanishes suddenly and you can get away and may be saved.
It is because a neural transmitter substance that is secreted from a brain has prevented the signal of the pain in a connection of the sensory nerve in the backbone.
It is the same as that you virtually hit the anesthesia of the painkiller by yourself in pinpoint.
The same things will have broken out in the brain of an ascetic of fire-walking.


さらに驚くべき機能が
もしあなたが地震に遭い、倒壊した柱で腰に深傷を負い、さらに火災が迫っているとします。
普通なら激痛が走り、とても逃げ出せず、あなたは命を失うかもしれません。
しかし突如として痛みが消え、脱出し助かるかもしれない。
それは、脊椎にある感覚神経からの連結部に、脳から神経伝達物質が分泌され痛みの信号を受けないようにしたからです。
まるで自分で、痛み止めの麻酔をピンポイントで打つようなものです。
火渡りの行者の脳にも同様なことが起きています。


a control system of a pain: A red line is pain signal and a blue line is control signal

< 5. a control system of a pain: A red line is pain signal and a blue line is control signal >

Point
The information such as pains is collected thoroughly, and is chosen depending to the importance of it.
The nerve net is made so that the damage to receive in accidents decreases.
In a process of the evolution, we got the wonderful system that detects the abnormalities of a body surface.

I look at the information system of the human body next time also.


ポイント
痛みなどの情報は徹底して収集され、重要度に応じて取捨選択されている。
その神経網は、事故などで受ける損傷が少なくなるように図られている。
進化の過程で、私達は体表面の異常を検知する素晴らしいシステムを得ました。

次回も、人体の情報システムを見ます。



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