Tuesday, September 17, 2013

History of sickness and medical art 9: Mesopotamia 1

 Herodotus, Greek historian

< Herodotus, Greek historian
I introduce the medical art of ancient civilization.
First, a role that medical art of the ancient civilization fulfilled in the society is described.
Then, I introduce it of ancient Mesopotamian civilization.

これから古代文明の医術を見て行きます。
最初に古代文明の医術が果たした役割を述べます。
次いで最古のメソポタミア文明を見ます。


The upper part of the Code of Hammurabi: a scene that the sun god confers a code to the King

< The upper part of the Code of Hammurabi: a scene that the sun god confers a code to the King
Things that medical art of the ancient civilization fulfilled.
Also in ancient civilization, as we saw in non-literate society, people thought for that God and grudges cause many sicknesses.
Divine services and black art was important for the curing.
The more the solution of a problem like hard cure is difficult, the more the people depended on power of God for it.
The kings of the ancient town also depended on God.

The epidemic would rage along with urbanization.
However, when the literate society advanced, the medical art progressed, and the understanding to the sickness advanced.

This brought people the recognition for their society and the satisfaction that advanced more.
The religion that had come into being in the cultural sphere having higher medical arts was venerated, and spread.
On the other hand, the relation between the medical arts and the religion produced various local differences by the national history.

All was the big consciousness change that happened on the earth of ante-Christum.
We look at the situation in order of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Israel, India, China, Greece.

                                                   

古代文明の医術がもたらしたもの
古代文明においても、無文字社会で見たように神や悪魔、恨みが多くの病を引き起こすと考えられ、神事と呪術で治療することが重要だった。
治療も含めた問題解決に、手に負えないものほど人々は神の力に頼った。
古代文明の王達も神に頼った。

都市化が進むほど伝染病は猛威を振るうことになった。
しかし文字使用が進むと医術も進歩し、病への理解も進んだ。
これはより深い理解と満足を人々にもたらした。
進んだ医術を持つ文化圏で誕生した宗教は崇敬され広まった。
一方、医術と宗教の関わりは、その国家の成り立ちによって地域差が生じた。

すべては紀元前の地球全域で始めて起きた大きな精神変化でした。
その様子を、メソポタミア、エジプト、イスラエル、インド、中国、ギリシャの順に見ていきます。


a formulary of Sumerian doctor, BC2200 

< a formulary of Sumerian doctor, BC2200 >
In Mesopotamia
Preface
The activities of the doctor have been written down in the Code of Hammurabi that King of the Babylon made at the middle of the 18th century.
From the remains of a library in Nineveh of Assyria Empire, the clay tablet of the medicine document of 800 sheets written before the last 7th century was found.


メソポタミアでは
はじめに
前18世紀中頃、バビロンの王が造ったハムラビ法典には医者の活動が記されていた。
アッシリア帝国のニネベの図書館跡から、前7世紀以前に書かれた800枚の医術書の粘土板が見つかった。

The reappearance figure of ancient city Babylonia: At 100 years after the construction of Ishtar gate in blue, Herodotus visited this ground.

< The reappearance figure of ancient city Babylonia: At 100 years after the construction of Ishtar gate in blue, Herodotus visited this ground.
The 5th century B.C., Greek historian Herodotus has written about medical care of Babylonia in "the history".

“Because the doctor is not in this country, the sick person is taken to the open space without being put in the house. If a passerby knows about the sickness, he will go to a sick person's side and will give wisdom about sickness.”
  
He drew a situation sharing treatment experience in society.
Because he couldn't watch the doctor like in Greece, he thought that there was not any doctor.
However, there were doctors unlike Greece in the Babylon.

From next time, I look at the medical art of ancient Mesopotamia.



前5世紀、ギリシャの歴史家ヘロドトスはバビロニアの医療について「歴史」に以下のように書いていた。

「この国には医者というものがいないので、病人は家に置かず広場に連れて行く。・・・通行人は病気について知っていれば、病人の傍らへ行って病気について知恵を授ける。・・・」

彼は治療経験を社会で共有する姿を描いている。
彼はギリシャにいたような町医者を見なかったから、医者がいないと考えた。
しかしバビロンにはギリシャと異なる医者達がいた。

次回より、古代メソポタミアの医術を見ます。











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